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HomeMy WebLinkAboutSite and Risk Assessment - PLN General - 9/16/2017 A.B.0 Consulting Arborists LLC ABC Accurate Balanced Certified Consulting Arborists Acruratr•Bala nrr Crr tilled LLC Site and Risk Assessment At 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA September 16,2017 PREPARED FOR: Steven Hoyt 1240 Me Tee Lake RD Tahuya WA, 98588 PREPARED BY: A.B.C. Consulting Arborists LLC Daniel Maple, Consultant Registered Consulting Arborist # 627 ISA Board Certified Master Arborist #PN-7970BM ISA Municipal Arborist Specialist #PN-7970AM ISA Tree Risk Assessment Qualified (TRAQ) Daniel(a)AbcArborists.com 509-953-0293 ISA PN-7970BM Web: AbcArborist.com 12402 N.Division#294 Spokane WA 99218 1 I P a g e Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 2 of 35 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................3 ASSIGNMENT..................................................................................................................3 METHODOLOGY...........................................................................................................4 TREELOCATION AND ID............................................................................................4 UntaggedTrees............................................................................................................... 4 OBSERVATIONS.............................................................................................................5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................................6 WAIVER OF LIABILITY...............................................................................................7 ATTACHMENTS.............................................................................................................8 Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC • September 16,2016 Page 3 of 35 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I was contracted to assess the health and viability of the trees along with a site assessment for conditions that may impact tree long-term viability. I am to include recommendations for the management of the site and trees, in a written report along with my observations, facts and findings. After a thorough assessment of the trees and the site I have found that 64%had defects of note and are not viable, 9%have defects of not and have questionable viability,27%are currently viable. The defects and decline of the trees is largely due to the perched water table on the west %2 of the site. The perched water table and increased soil saturation is likely due to the raising of the grade and installation of impervious surfaces on the surrounding properties. I have concluded that under the current site conditions the best management plan(BMP) for this site would be to remove the trees on the west %2 of the site, install a drain system (connected to the sewer on ST RT 300),backfill the site to match the grade changes done on the surrounding sites and replant with a planting plan that complements the sites long- term usage. INTRODUCTION On May 16, 2017,Mr. Steven Hoyt called to inquire about the process of having a property he recently purchased assessed. Mr. Hoyt recently purchased a property located at 210 State Route 300, Belfair WA. Mr. Hoyt has noticed that some of the trees are dead or dying and several have failed in the past. Mr. Hoyt is concerned about the trees health, viability and risks that the trees may pose to the site, surrounding properties and the people that frequent them. As a result of our conversation, Mr. Hoyt contracted me to assess the trees health,risks, and viability. I am also to assess the site conditions and environmental factors that may be impacting the trees. The time frame to be used for the risk assessment is 5 years. I am to provide a written report of my observations, facts and findings along with long-term recommendations for the management of the site and the trees. ASSIGNMENT Mr. Hoyt has contracted me to: 1. Assess the trees health,risk and long-term viability for the next 5 years. 2. Assess the site for conditions or environmental factors that maybe impacting the trees. 3. Provide recommendations for the long-term management of the site and trees 4. Deliver a written report of my observations,facts, findings and recommendations 5. Final report to be delivered on or before October 30,2017. Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 4 of 35 METHODOLOGY To evaluate the tree(s)for risk and prepare this report I drew upon my 30 years of experience in the field of arboriculture and my formal education. Following the protocol established by the International Society of Arboriculture(ISA)Best Management Practices(BMP'S)for Soil Management,Tree and Shrub Management During Site Planning,Development and Construction,Root Management and Risk Assessment ANSI A300 parts 2,5,8 and 9. The site was assessed for any noted condition that may have a negative impact on the local forest including but not limited to: 1)history of tree failure(wind throw)2) Change in Wind Patterns 3)soil depth 4) Soil Hydrology 5) grade changes 6)fungal fruiting bodies/decay pathogens. On date Referenced above, I performed a level 1 visual assessment, (and as deemed prudent a level 3 decay testing)on the subject trees and: 1. The crown of the tree(s)were examined for current vigor. Inspecting the crown (foliage,buds and branches)for color, density,form,and annual shoot growth, limb dieback and disease. Branches were inspected for cracks and other defects, as well as needs for remedial pruning. 2. The bole or main stem of the tree(s)was inspected for decay,which includes cavities, wounds, fruiting bodies of decay(conks or mushrooms), seams, insects,bleeding, callus development,broken or dead tops, structural defects and unnatural leans. Structural defects include crooks, forks with V-shaped crotches,multiple attachments,and excessive sweep. 3. The root collar and roots were inspected for the presence of decay, insects and/or damage, as well as if they had been injured,undermined or exposed,or original grade has been changed. Inspection tools included: binoculars,hypsometer,diameter tape,mallet,trowel, & probe. Level 3 Advanced Assessment: Root/Trunk decay testing was included as deemed prudent. Risk Ratings are a sum of. Likelihood of failure+Likelihood of impacting a target+Consequences of target being impacted. TREE LOCATION AND ID Tree Taas The trees were tagged with aluminum tags numbered 1 through 49. Please refer to Attachment 1, Googzle Earth Image for an orientation to the site and the approximate location of the trees. Untag&ed Trees There were a 8 trees that were not tagged on the survey. They were labeled with the next number in the sequence and then their approximate location was indicated on the included site plan. Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 5 of 35 OBSERVATIONS On May 18, 2017, I visited the site and began my assessment. I first assessed the site and for any site factors that may impact the trees and their long-term viability, my assessment included noting any history of past tree failures and investigating site factors that may have contributed to the tree failures. Second, I looked at the surrounding area for off-site factors that may be impacting tree viability. Third, I performed a visual inspection of all the trees on the site.After the initial tree assessment, I tagged and inventoried and further assessed the trees around perimeter of the site, I decay tested the perimeter trees as I deemed prudent. Last, I finish the assessment with a review of the site,trees,tree health, targets and off-site factors influencing the site. The following is a summary of my observations. 56 trees around the perimeter were tagged and assessed(1 maple, 1 cherry, 1 hemlock, 1 willow, 9 cedars and 43 alders). Of the 56, 36 (64%)are dead, dying, declining or had significant defects such as decay cavities, decayed roots,and/or uprooting. 5 (9%)were questionable for retention. 15 (27%)were viable for retention. See photos 1-12 for some of the noted defects. The east %of the interior lot is referenced as area B (see attachment 1 google earth image). Most of the trees in area B area are mature alder trees(a short-lived species). They are generally in good health and should be viable for 10+years. The west '/z of the interior lot is referenced as area A(see attachment 1 google earth image). Most of the trees in area A are young alders with a few hemlocks and cedars mixed in. The mature trees in this area are primarily cedars. The few remaining mature cedar trees are in various degree of decline from root decay and/or uprooting,the rest have already failed. A high number of past tree failures was noted,this is due primarily from a perched water table. The perch water table is between 2 distinct soils layers,the top layer is between 1' and 3' deep. The perched water table along with shallow soils is the reason for the thin root plates noted in the failed trees. See photos 15, 18-23 The perched water table is visible in the center of area A. The water can be seen seeping from the NE boundary of area A where it meets area B,then flows through the middle of area A to a trench dug on the southwest portion of area A. The trench runs along the south property line to State Route 300. I believe the trench is or was intended to be connected to the sewer or storm water drains along the Hwy,however,the depth of the water in the trench suggests the outflow maybe plugged. The fact that the mature trees are declining or outright falling along with health, species, and composition of the forest in area A suggests that the site has changed from its original natural state. These changes are likely caused by an increase in the amount of water on the site, increased soil saturation and perched water table. Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 6 of 35 The grade changes were noted along the north,east and south sides of the site. The site is surrounded by impervious and semi impervious surfaces. Studies have shown lawns have dense roots close to the surface(hence lawns are aeriated) compacted soils, and act like an impervious surface during moderate to heavy rains. Drain pipes were noted along the south property line,these pipes appear to be draining excess water from the south site on to this site. It is more likely than not that the amount of water originally on this site in its native setting has been increased by the development activity on the land surrounding it. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The western '/2 of the site has been greatly impacted by the development of the surrounding properties. The 641/o+of trees on this portion of the site are not viable 9% are questionable and the remaining 27%of the trees will likely decline and or fail in the relatively near future. In short due to the changes in soil hydrology from development of the surrounding area has impacted the trees on the west %z of the site and they are not likely to be long-term viable under the current site conditions. The best long-term management of this site would be to: 1) Remove the trees on the west %z of the site 2) Install a drain pipe/drain system and hook up to the sewer line on State Route 300 3) Back fill the site and raise the grade to match the grade changes done on the surrounding properties. 4) Replant with native species to complement the intended land use. Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 7 of 35 WAIVER OF LIABILITY Assumptions & Limiting Conditions 1.A field examination of the site was made for this report(date referenced in report.)Care has been taken to obtain all information from reliable sources in a timely Fashion.Therefor all data has been verified to the best of my knowledge,the certified/consulting arborist can neither guarantee or be held responsible for the accuracy of information provided by any outside sources. 2.Any and all information provided in this report covers only the tree's that were examined and reflects the condition of those tree(s)at the time of inspection.This inspection is limited to a visual method of the trees in question,excluding any core sampling,probing,dissection,aerial inspection,or excavation unless noted in writing and contingent upon the appropriate fee being authorized in writing.There is no guarantee nor warranty,expressed or implied that any deficiencies or problems of the mentioned trees may not arise in the future. 3.All drawings,sketches,and photographs submitted with this report,are intended as visual aids only,and are not exact to scale.They should not be construed as engineering or architectural report of surveys unless noted and specified. 4.The certified arborist/consulting arborist is not required to give any testimony or to attend court for any reason considering this report unless subsequent contractual agreements are made. 5.Any alterations made to this report or loss automatically invalidates this report. 6.This document is protected by copy right laws®.Unless required by law otherwise,possession of this report or a copy of this report does not imply right of publication or use for any purpose by anyone other than the person for whom it was created for,without prior expressed written permission and verbal consent of the consulting arborist. 7.The report and values/opinions expressed,represent the opinion of the certified/consulting arborist,and the arborist fees are in no way contingent upon reporting any specified values,stipulated results,the occurrence of a subsequent event,nor upon finding to be reported. Thank you for contacting A.B.C. Consulting Arborists LLC for your arboricultural needs. Sincerely, Daniel ap e, Consulting Arborist ISA Board Certified Master Arborist#PN-7970BM ISA Municipal Specialist#PN-7970" ISA TRAQ Qualified ASCA Member Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 8 of 35 ATTACHMENTS ATTACHMENT 1 - GOOGLE EARTH IMAGE.........................................................9 ATTACHMENT 2 -TREE INVENTORY/CONDITIONS SPREADSHEET ......... 10 ATTACHMENT 3 - PHOTOS...................................................................................... 13 ATTACHMENT 4 - SOILS, TESTING AND ANALYSIS.........................................30 ATTACHMENT 5 - GLOSSARY.................................................................................31 ATTACHMENT 6 - REFERENCES............................................................................33 Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 9 of 35 ATTACHMENT 1 -GOOGLE EARTH IMAGE N 17 1.3 14 ti IS 16 8 1.2 9 20 Zl 23 1 6 7 19 30 6 55 5 24 26 [8 54 5 'w•, ` 52 • 51 � �S•d_ 33 +� 40 36 35 34 ✓ Big leaf maple ✓ O Cherry .�•Red alder(43) Westem hemlock ,r Westem redcedar(9) I Willow Pie Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 10 of 35 ATTACHMENT 2 - TREE INVENTORY/CONDITIONS SPREADSHEET Tree Q Risk Id Common Latin Condition Action Rating Tree Comments Co o g 1 Cedar Thuja plicata 36 75 Fair Retain Moderate Tree has a hollow center and is not long-term viable 2 Red alder Alnus rubra 9 49 StressedVDeclining Remove Moderate Tree is in Decline and not viable long term 3 Red alder Alnus rubra 13 38 Fair Remove Moderate Tree has a heavy lean and appears to be partially uprooting 4 Red alder Alnus rubra 9 38 StressedVDeclining Remove Low Tree is in Decline and not viable long term 5 Red alder Alnus rubra 16 48 Fair Remove Moderate Tree has a heavy lean and appears to be partially uprooting 6 Red alder Alnus rubra 9 38 StressedVDeclining Remove Low Tree is in Decline and not viable long term 7 Red alder Alnus rubra 11 45 Fair Remove Low Lean to the Northeast appears to be partially uprooting 8 Cedar Thuja plicata 15 25 Fair Retain Low Root crown overfilled on the North by past development Tsuga 9 Hemlock heterophylla 14 60 Good Remove Low Tree is growing out of rotten stump,close to bus stop 10 Cedar Thuja plicata 25 80 Poor Remove High Tree is partially uprooted with a heavy lean to the West 11 Red alder Alnus rubra 11 45 Poor Remove Moderate 12 Red alder Alnus rubra 11 40 Poor Remove Moderate Retain- 13 Red alder Alnus rubra 12 50 Fair Impacted Low Grade changes have overfilled the root crown 14 Willow Salix species 17 50 Fair Remove High 15 Red alder Alnus rubra 12 55 Fair Remove High 16 Red alder Alnus rubra 13 55 Fair Remove Moderate 17 Red alder Alnus rubra 9 25 Fair Retain Low If alders to the west are removed,remove this tree. 18 Cedar Thuja plicata 38 90 Poor Remove Moderate 19 Cedar Thuja plicata 27 90 StressedVDeclining Remove Moderate 20 Cedar Thuja plicata 42 95 StressedVDeclining Remove Moderate 21 Cedar Thuja plicata 15 32 Fan- Retain Low Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 11 of 35 22 Red alder Alnus rubra 16 54 Fair Remove Low Ground lifting on south east side 23 Cherry Prunus ssp. 13 57 StressedVDeclining Remove Low 1/2 dead top 24 Maple Acer macrophyllum 32 70 Fair Remove High Co-dominate/split top 25 Red alder Alnus rubra 18 50 Dead V Dying Remove High 26 Red alder Alnus rubra 18 50 Poor Remove High 27 Red alder Alnus rubra 20 50 Dead V Dying Remove High 28 Red alder Alnus rubra 13 50 Dead V Dying Remove High 29 Red alder Alnus rubra 15 50 Dead V Dying Remove Moderate 30 Red alder Alnus rubra 14 42 StressedVDeclining Remove Low Co-dominate stems Advanced decay in trunk and roots.2"wall on south and 31 Cedar Thuja plicata 42 90 Poor Remove High 7"wall on north.Hollow center 32 Red alder Alnus rubra 13 50 StressedVDeclining Remove Moderate 3/4 dead crown 33 Red alder Alnus rubra 14 50 Poor Remove High Advanced decay in trunk and roots 34 Red alder Alnus rubra 8 25 StressedVDeclining Remove Moderate 35 Red alder Alnus rubra 10 50 StressedVDeclining Remove Moderate Fair 36 Red alder Alnus rubra 13 50 Fa Remove Moderate Cavity in trunk 5 feet up on south east side. 37 Cedar Thuja plicata 40 90 Fair Remove Low Hollow Center.Decay suspected 38 Red alder Alnus rubra 12 47 Fair Retain Low Soil Failure,Lean. 39 Red alder Alnus rubra 16 50 Fair Retain Low Soil Failure,Lean 40 Red alder Alnus rubra 12 38 Fair Retain Low Soil Failure,Lean Fair 41 Red alder Alnus rubra 18 50 Fa Retain Low Soil Failure,Lean 42 Red alder Alnus rubra 13 43 Fair Remove Moderate Soil Failure.Uprooting 43 Red alder Alnus rubra 10 43 Fair Retain Low Soil Failure,Lean 44 Red alder Alnus rubra 11 48 Fair Retain Low Soil Failure,Lean 45 Red alder Alnus rubra 11 48 Fair Retain Low Soil Failure,Lean 46 Red alder A Fair Soil Failure,Lean d Alnus rubra 24 48 Retain Low 47 Red alder Alnus rubra 17 50 Fair Retain Moderate Soil Failure,Lean 48 Red alder Alnus rubra 15 50 Fair Retain Low Soil Failure,Lean 49 Red alder Alnus rubra 12 45 Fair Remove Moderate soil failure Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 12 of 35 50 Red alder Alnus rubra 12 45 Poor Remove Moderate soil failure.heavy lean to west 51 Red alder Alnus rubra 12 45 Poor Remove Moderate soil failure.heavy lean to west Fair Remove 52 Red alder Alnus rubra 12 45 /retain? Moderate Soil Failure,Lean Fair Remove 53 Red alder Alnus rubra 12 45 /retain? Moderate soil failure.Leaning. Fair Remove 54 Red alder Alnus rubra 15 50 /retain? Moderate soil failure.leaning Fair Remove 55 Red alder Alnus rubra 13 50 /retain? Moderate soil failure.leaning Fair Remove 56 Red alder Alnus rubra 13 50 /retain? Moderate soil failure.leaning i- 11 ' 1 'n r' r 1 ♦ / 1 r , , f. s •� `♦1� �yy p `�y 1 � � �r 1 , , .,r#'�f-- •'c" ��,-�'' ��S�g. mow'. • �'., `•'Y4 �a m Evaluation of Site and Trees at 2 10 State Route 300 Belfair WA. A.B.C. oi bo September 1 Page 14 of 35 1. 1 �. (* 11 i a .�-�.;�w ;��i fit, wy -, j�•. �, Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. CConsulting Arborists, September 16,2016 Page 15 of 35 PHOTO IS It • r Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. Consulting Arborists September 1 Page 6 of 35 s r n•� Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 17 of 35 PHOTO 7 t f yfJ l mod• t �' Y�• V= Y i/ i a,. � 4 S � I ' xf 1'• r yy� PHOTO s •e j a. Evaluation of Site and Trees at 2 10 State Route 300 Belfair WA. CConsulting Arborists September 16,2016 Page 18 of 35 6' F'j'L J• t Y_� ssM�♦ '{� ;7 ark'" `�' /.. r { � '\,,.1�� �rtT� '" •i r'a a. Rw - 1 Evaluation of Site and Trees at 2 10 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists September 1 Page 9 of 35 PHOTO 10 fit 7!� p PHOTO , , i �I w. a Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 20 of 35 PHOTO 12 rt _ 'e •> AN i' ,�} s , . • � - ut• t 1 t ' 1 91 VW 3 L, Al !"�.�+ All OOF I ' r fl - I"1�• gyp`'.. ot, : -:4p..[. ^A�f ', ' '�• .'d�l�`� •- .}. /�err % i.s /v�I' w ♦. AlL IN ti �-_� � •l� �}}`•y' a .I< N IV AA � _ ,.ems % •.,.. <. ...x'�, ) j j � 0. _ `+yam�'Y %4 \ `Y I '• ` ^R _ , ,> ,;+:ter •'�.: �, -��. _ ,,,, • t • nt• t 1 t ' r � ' 1 1 JL st nn y , _ iN j .. Mli vp Nto 71 wry ^YG�ww .�` -• �• +1, � .y,� � "�' _ � '� w ice,'� •� ..c ;`� �� N� _err + ',A Jk k.; + ���ror Marc _ r i a " s Evaluation of Site and Trees at 2 10 State Route 300 Belfdir WA. SeptemberBy,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC 1 Page 25 of 35 PHOTO w.. I ' 1 w! a 1 Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belft WA. By, on bo September 16,2016 Page 6 of 35 PHOTO 18 r � PHOTO 19 t h, `v ' SAdrT t � A.B.C.Evaluation of Site and Trees at 2 10 State Route 300 Belfair WA. Consulting Arborists SeptemberI Page 27 of 35 PHOTO 20 'I JI j yy A ti- i� Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 28 of 35 PHOTO 21 r F , �11 4 { e Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 29 of 35 PHOTO 22 It fj r,. y 9r�V t PHOTO 23 T- b k • Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 30 of 35 ATTACHMENT 4-SOILS,TESTING AND ANALYSIS Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 31 of 35 ATTACHMENT 5-GLOSSARY Air excavation device,Air-Spade:Device that directs a jet of highly compressed air to excavate soil. Used within the root zone of trees to avoid or minimize damage to tree roots or near underground structures such as pipes and wires.May also reduce hazards associated with excavation near pipes or wires. Alternate:Pertaining to bud or leaf arrangement,one leaf or bud at each node,situated at alternating positions along the stem.In this arrangement,the leaves are not directly across from each other Drip line:Imaginary line defined by the branch spread(Farthest extending limb in all directions)of a single plant or group of plants. Defoliation:Loss of leaves from a tree or other plant by biological or mechanical means. Foliage:The live leaves or needles of the tree;the plant part primarily responsible for photosynthesis. Hypsometer:A device that measures vertical angles,and provides direct height measurements of objects by triangulation. Included-bark:Bark that becomes embedded in a crotch(union)between branch and trunk or between codominant stems.Causes a weak structure. Mulch:Any material such as wood chips,straw,sawdust,leaves,and stone that is spread on the surface of the soil to protect the soil and plant roots from the effects of raindrops,soil crusting, freezing,and evaporation. Opposite:Pertaining to leaf or branch arrangement,leaves or branches situated two at each node,across from each other on the stem. PH:Unit of measure that describes the alkalinity or acidity of a solution.Negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration.Measured on a scale from 0 to 14.Greater than 7 is alkaline,less than 7 is acid,and 7 is neutral(pure water). Resistograph®:Brand name of a device consisting of a specialized micro drill bit that drills into trees and graphs density differences that are used to detect decay. Soil compaction:Compression of the soil,often because of vehicle or heavy-equipment traffic,that breaks down soil aggregates and reduces soil volume and total pore space,especially macro-pore space. Soil probe:Any one of many instruments used to take soil cores or samples.Usually some variation of a metal tube with a sharpened or serrated point and a T-shaped handle Target:Any person or object within reach of a falling tree or part of a tree,that may be injured or damaged. Tree protection zone(TPZ):Defined area within which certain activities are prohibited or restricted to prevent or minimize potential injury to designated trees,especially during construction or development. Tree growth regulator(TGR):Chemical that can be applied to trees that slows terminal growth by reducing cell elongation. Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 32 of 35 Vigor:Overall health;the capacity to grow and resist physiological stress Visual tree assessment(VTA):Method of assessing the structural integrity of trees using external symptoms of mechanical stress(such as bulges,reactive growth,etc)and defects(cracks,cavities,etc). Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 33 of 35 ATTACHMENT 6-REFERENCES 1. Arno, Stephen F. and Hammerly,Ramona P.Northwest Trees.Anniversary Ed. Seattle, Washington: The Mountaineer Books, 2007. 2. Beck, Alison and Marianne Binetti, Tree &Shrub Gardening for Washington and Oregon, Lone Pine Publishing, Renton, WA. 2001. 3. Brockman, C. Frank, Trees of North America, A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press, 1979. 4. Brenzel, Kathleen Norris. Western Garden Boob Sunset Publishing Corporation, 2001. 5. Council of Tree& Landscape Appraisers. Guide for Plant Appraisal. 9 h Ed. Champaign: International Society of Arboriculture, 2000. 6. Dirr, Michael A.Manual of Woody Landscape Plants, Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation, and Uses. Champaign: Stipes Publishing Company, 1990. 7. Dunster, Dr. Julian A., R.P.F.,M.C.I.P. Documenting Evidence, Practical Guidance for Arborists,First Choice Books, Victoria,BC, Canada 2014. 8. Dunster, Dr. Julian A., R.P.F., M.C.I.P.Interpreting Resistograph Readings, A Manual for Users of the Resistograph Decay Detection Instrument. Bowen Island, Canada: Dunster&Associates,2000. 9. Eric Allen, et al. Common Tree Diseases of British Columbia. Victoria: Canadian Forest Service, 1996. 10. Grant,John A. and Grant,Carol L. Trees and Shrubs for Pacific Northwest Gardens, What to Grow and How to Grow Them. Seattle, Washington: Dogwood Press, 1943. 11. Harding, Patrick and Tomblin, Gill. How to Identify Trees. London: Harper Collins Publishers, 1998. 12. Harris, Richard W,James Clark,and Nelda Matheny.Arboriculture, Integrated Management of Landscape Trees, Shrubs, and Vines. 4 h ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall,2004. 13. Jacobson,Arthur Lee. Trees of Seattle. 2nd ed. Seattle, Washington: Arthur Lee Jacobson,2006. Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 34 of 35 14. Johnson,Warren T. and Lyon,Howard H.Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs. Ithaca: Comstock Publishing Associates, 1991. 15. Kershner,Bruce;Mathews,Daniel;Nelson, Gil; and Spellenberg,Richard. National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America.New York: Chanticleer Press,2008. 16. Lanzara, Paola and Pizzetti, Mariella. Simon and Schuster's Guide to Trees. New York: Simon& Schuster,Inc., 1977. 17. Link,Russell,Landscaping for Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest, The University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA. 1999. 18. Little, Elbert L.National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees, Eastern Region. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1980. 19. Lyons, C. P. Trees and Shrubs of Washington. Renton, Washington: Lone Pine Publishing, 1999. 20. Matheny,Nelda P. and Clark,James R.Evaluation of Hazard Trees. 2nd ed. Savoy: The International Society of Arboriculture Press, 1994. 21. Matheny,Nelda P. and Clark, James R. Trees &Development, A Technical Guide to Preservation of Trees During Land Development. Savoy: The International Society of Arboriculture Press, 1998. 22. Mathews,Daniel. Cascade -- Olympic Natural History. Portland, Oregon: Raven Editions with the Portland Audubon Society, 1992. 23. Mattheck, Claus and Breloer, Helge. The Body Language of Trees, A Handbook for Failure Analysis. London: HMSO, 1994. 24. Pojar,Jim and MacKinnon,Andy. Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Redmond, Washington: Lone Pine Publishing, 1994. 25. Pacific Northwest Chapter-ISA. Tree Risk Assessment in Urban Areas and the Urban/Rural Interface. Course Manual. Release 1.5. PNW-ISA: Silverton, Oregon,2011. 26. Petrides, George A. and Wehr,Janet. A Field Guide to Eastern Trees, Eastern United States and Canada including the Midwest. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. i Evaluation of Site and Trees at 210 State Route 300 Belfair WA. By,A.B.C.Consulting Arborists LLC September 16,2016 Page 35 of 35 27. Scharpf,Robert F.Diseases of Pacific Coast Conifers. Albany, California: USDA Forest Service,Agriculture Handbook 521,rev. June 1993. 28. Schuler, Stanley, et al. Guide to Trees.New York: Simon& Schuster, 1977. 29. Seattle Department of Planning and Development, Client Assistance Memo CAM 242, Tree Regulations in Seattle. Updated September 8, 2006. 30. Seattle Department of Planning, (DPD),Director's Rule 16-2008,Designation of Exceptional Trees. Publication October 16,2008. Effective April 1,2009. 31. Sinclair, Wayne A., Lyon,Howard H., and Johnson, Warren T. Diseases of Trees and Shrubs. Ithaca,New York: Cornell University Press, 1987. 32. Smiley, E. Thomas,Nelda Matheny, and Sharon Lilly, Tree Risk Assessment Best Management Practices, ANSI A300 Part 9: Tree, Shrub, and Other Woody Plant Management--Standard Practices (Tree Risk Assessment a. Tree Structure Assessment). The International Society of Arboriculture Press. Champaign. IL. 2011. 33. Watson, Gary W., and Neely,Dan, eds. Trees&Building Sites. Savoy: The International Society of Arboriculture Press, 1995.