HomeMy WebLinkAboutWetland Mitigation Plan - PLN General - 10/30/2008 Wetland Mitigation Plan
for the
Bear Creek Dewatto Road
Improvement Project
Milepost 7.3 to 10.0
CRP 1563
Mason County, Washington
October 2008
Prepared by:
Mason County Department of Public Works
PO Box 1850
Shelton, WA 98584
360-427-9670 ext. 748
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Bear Creek Dewatto Road Improvement
I Executive Summary
This report describes the mitigation proposed by Mason County for its Bear Creek
Dewatto road improvement project. The project will impact four wetlands adjacent
to the existing road. The mitigation proposed would compensate for these impacts
by connecting a previously intact wetland, which was divided by the construction of
the existing road. The project will require fill in 9,962 square feet of wetlands. The
mitigation plan includes the creation and reestablishment of 21,631 square feet of
wetland, 13,677 square feet of buffer enhancement and 47,990 square feet of buffer
preservation.
II Project Description
The project is proposed by Mason County Public Works. It is located in northeastern
Mason County and impacts approximately 2.7 miles of county road. The project
includes road and shoulder widening, horizontal and vertical curve realignment,
guardrail installation and surfacing on the existing road. There will be 6,100 feet of
major horizontal realignment as well as decommissioning 5,000 feet of existing road.
5,260 feet of existing road will be widened on its current alignment. Finally, 700 feet
of new construction will be needed to connect the realigned road to a current
intersection with the Bear Creek Dewatto Road. The project is necessary in order
to bring the road up to current safety standards. The first phase of the project is
planned for summer 2009. The project will be completed in 2010. The project
corridor is shown in Figure 1.
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Figure 1
Mason County Public Works October 8, 2008
Bear Creek Dewatto Road Improvement
III Ecological Assessment of Project Area
Location - The 2.7-mile County road project is approximately four miles north of
Belfair in Mason County Washington. The project is in the west 1/2 of Section 5, east
1/2 of Section 8, NW 1/4 of Section 9, T23N, R1W WM (Figure 1).
Site Description - The action area of the project is in the lowlands at the base of
Kitsap Peninsula within WRIA 15. The topography of the watershed is rolling and lies
in the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains. Winters tend to be wet and summers
quite dry. Generally, 80% of the annual precipitation, approximately 60 inches, falls
between the months of October and March.
Geoloav - The geologic makeup of the site (the type and permeability of its
underlying rock materials) has a great influence on the variations in the stream
discharges. The geology of the Kitsap Peninsula consists of Quaternary Pleistocene
unconsolidated sediments deposited by at least six distinct glacial deposits, the most
recent of which was the Vashon Glaciation (2002 Golder Assoc. and others). The
outwash deposits form the primary aquifers from which groundwater is drawn.
These aquifers are laterally discontinuous. Between glaciations marshy
environments were created. The lowland basins are underlain by highly permeable
sands and gravels. The two plus miles of the project slopes very gradually down to
the southeast quarter of the project site, with elevation ranging from approximately
502 feet in the north to approximately 400 feet just southeast of the Tiger-Mission
Road.
Hydrology.--Water enters the area from precipitation, subsurface flows, and surface
flows from the adjacent properties to the north and east. Three seasonal streams
enter the project area from the north and flow south.
Vegetation.--The dominant upland vegetation is second growth Douglas fir, western
red cedar, red alder, big leaf and vine maple, and willow species, with an understory
of salal, red and evergreen huckleberry, Himalayan, evergreen and trailing
blackberry, weeds, and grasses.
In general, the wetland areas have a well-developed shrub cover of spiraea, Pacific
ninebark, willows and cascara, with a herbaceous understory of slough sedge,
rushes, and bedstraw.
Soils.--Five soil units are mapped on the site (Ness and Fowler 1960) (Figure 3).
Mukilteo peat, 0 to 2 percent slopes, (map unit Mg) is mapped in the depression in
northern part of the project next to Tiger Lake. This series consists of peat that is
deep, mainly decomposed sedges, spirea, twigs, and roots. It is very poorly drained
and often ponded for many months of the year. Mukilteo peat is listed as a hydric
(wetland) soil in Mason County.
Alderwood gravelly sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes, (map unit Ab) is mapped
throughout the majority of the project action area. This well drained soil occurs on
glacial moraines and was formed from mixed glacial till dominated by acid igneous
rock. The imbedded gravel is mainly granite and quartzite.
Everett gravelly sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes, (map unit Eh) is mapped in the
area nearing the south end of the linear project. This somewhat excessively drained
Mason County Public Works October 8, 2008
Bear Creek Dewatto Road Improvement
soil occurs as fairly continuous outwash channels between ridges of Alderwood soils.
They have developed upon assorted glacial till and outwash material. This is the
most extensive Everett soil.
Everett gravelly loamy sand, 15 to 30 percent slopes, (map unit Ef) is mapped in a
small section of the southeast part of the project. Except for slopes, this soil is
similar to Everett gravelly loamy sand, 5 to 15 percent slopes. This soil occupies the
smoother terraces or outwash plains in close association with other Everett soils. All
of this soil is in trees and brush, and its best use is forestry.
Everett gravelly sandy loam 15 to 30 percent slopes, (map unit Ek) is mapped in a
small portion of the southern most area of the project. This soil is on the steeper
slopes of glacial moraines, sides of gullies, and terrace fronts. It is more variable
than Everett gravelly sandy loam, 5 to 15 slopes. The depth to substratum ranges
from 12 to 36 inches, and the amount of gravel in the surface soil and subsoil varies
greatly from place to place. Where the soil is in close association with the Alderwood
soils, the substratum, in places, is compact and weakly cemented.
IV Assessment of Impacted Wetlands
The project will fill 9,962 square feet of wetlands. Of this area, 9,102 square feet is
contained within two wetlands that are under the jurisdiction of the Army Corps of
Engineers under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. One of these (wetland B) is in
the upper reaches of Mission Creek, the other (wetland 1-12) in the upper part of the
Union River watershed. The remaining 860 square feet are contained within two
isolated depressional wetlands with no surface connection to Section 404 waters.
The wetlands were delineated in 2002 and 2007. All four wetlands are palustrine,
scrub/shrub under the Cowardian vegetation classification system. All four were
rated as Category III for function under the Washington Department of Ecology's
wetland rating system. The individual areas of impact range from 348 square feet to
8,710 square feet. The details of the delineation and evaluation are included in a
separate report.
The impacts are summarized in the table and the wetlands are described below.
Impact Mason County Created Wetland
Impact Type & Class Area Mitigation Mitigation
(sq. feet Ratio Creation Requirement
WL-A Category III 348 2:1 696
PSSC
WL-B Category III 8,710 2:1 17,420
PSSC
WL-C Category III 512 2:1 1,024
PSSC
WL-1-12 Category III
PSSC 392 2:1 784
Total (square feet) 9,962 19,924
Mason County Public Works October 8, 2008
Bear Creek Dewatto Road Improvement
Wetland A
This is a small depressional wetland located immediately adjacent to the Bear Creek
Dewatto road across from its intersection with Northeast Daly Road. It is
approximately 2,500 square feet and has no outlet. It is a scrub/shrub plant
community dominated by Pacific willow, Hooker's willow and hardhack spirea. One
side is immediately adjacent to the Bear Creek Dewatto road. The other three sides
are bordered by a logged-off area, which was harvested in the last ten years. The
vegetation in the buffer area is a combination of Douglas fir, western hemlock,
Scouler's willow, evergreen huckleberry, salal, red huckleberry and rhododendron.
The wetland is seasonally ponded with water observed on 10/24/07. Hydrology
appears to be primarily from rainfall.
Wetland 8
This is a 15 acre depressional wetland located just south of the intersection of Bear
Creek Dewatto Road and Sand Hill Road. It is divided by the Bear Creek Dewatto
Road. It has a palustrine scrub/shrub plant community dominated by cascara,
Scouler's willow, Pacific willow, and hardhack spirea. The wetland is in the shape of
an inverted "u", running northeast to southwest. The outlet is on the southerly
finger through a man-made ditch, which flows approximately 5,100 feet to the upper
reaches of Mission creek. This wetland connects to Tiger Lake through a culvert with
a flow-control weir on the lake. The wetland is seasonally flooded with ground water
and rainfall. It is unknown how much water is contributed by the control weir on
Tiger Lake.
Wetland C
Wetland C is a 4,224 square foot isolated depressional unit located midway through
the project. It fronts the Bear Creek Dewatto road and has a driveway on the west
side. Its palustrine scrub/shrub plant community has a very limited number of
species. They include cascara, Pacific ninebark, spirea, horsetail and willow.
Hydrology appears to come from groundwater and rainfall. There was some
standing water on the unit in November 2007. In addition to the county road and
driveway, a residence located within 200 feet of its northern boundary likely affects
this wetland.
Wetland H2
This wetland is a 6,860 square foot riverine depressional unit lying next to the Bear
Creek Dewatto road. It is comprised of a scrub/shrub and emergent plant
community. It is connected by a small stream and culvert under the road to an
upstream wetland, which is approximately 1.7 acres in size. The larger wetland is
also a scrub/shrub/emergent plant community. Dominant species include hard hack
spirea, big leaf sedge, water parsley, lady fern and blue skullcap. Scattered tree
species include red alder and western red cedar. Surface flow and groundwater
provide the hydrology for these areas. Water flows through the area during the
winter months, but is ponded during the summer.
Maps in Appendix B show the detail of the project's impacts on each of the wetlands.
V Description of Wetland Mitillation Area
The proposed wetland mitigation site is a 2.3 acre area occupied by a segment of the
existing Bear Creek Dewatto Road. It is included within a larger portion of the road,
which will be abandoned as a result of the new road realignment. It is adjacent to
two parts of a Category III scrub/shrub wetland. The existing wetland has been
Mason County Public Works October 8, 2008
4�6
Bear Creek Dewatto Road Improvement
rated as a Category III using the Department of Ecology's wetland rating system. It
has low habitat value and moderate value for water quality and flood control
influences. Other than the road, the site is surrounded by commercial forest land
owned by Pope Resources. The existing wetlands are connected by a small culvert
passing under the road.
The mitigation proposal is to create a 19,962 square foot seasonally inundated scrub
shrub wetland surrounded by a forest buffer.
The mitigation site relative to the wetlands shown on the National Wetlands
Inventory is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2
Mitigation site shown in purple
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VI Mitigation Approach
The project area includes a major wetland associated with Tiger Lake and numerous
small isolated wetlands with no connection to flowing streams. To the maximum
extent possible, the revised road alignment has been designed to avoid impacts to
these areas. For example, the road through Wetland B does not vary from the
existing alignment. This approach allows the county to keep its impacts at the
minimum. Since that wetland was filled by the original road construction, the only
new impact will be fill associated with bringing the slopes of the road bank up to
current design standards. An alternative would have been to shift the road
alignment in this area to match other segments of the project. That approach would
have caused wetland impacts four times greater than the selected design. With the
Mason County Public Works October 8, 2008
�L
Bear Creek Dewatto Road Improvement
exception of Wetland H2, all wetland impacts were confined to fill in areas, which are
already adjacent to the toe of the existing road.
The overarching goal of this mitigation plan is to re-connect two segments of a
natural wetland, which were separated by the original road. This will be
accomplished by achieving the following goals, objectives and performance
standards:
Goal 1
Re-connect the two wetland segments currently separated by the existing road and
create a hydrological regime capable of supporting wetland vegetation.
Objective
Remove approximately 350 feet of existing road to an elevation matching the bottom
of the wetland areas on either side.
Performance Standard
During the period March 1 to October 1, the soil in the wetland creation area will be
saturated to within 12 inches of the surface for a minimum of 22 consecutive days.
Goal 2
Replace the wetland functions lost due to the road construction project.
Obiective
Replace the capacity to remove sediment, nutrients, and toxicants by planting an
emergent wetland community. Replace wildlife habitat by planting a diverse plant
community of native vegetation in the wetland creation and buffer enhancement
areas.
Performance Standard
In that portion of the wetland creation area planted with woody species, survival of
planted species shall be at least 90% at the end of the first growing season. Canopy
coverage shall be 25% at the end of the third growing season and 50% at the end of
the fifth season following planting.
Performance Standard
Within the emergent wetland zone, planted species will cover at least 20% of the
area by the end of the first growing season. Plant cover will be 40% of the area by
the end of the third year and 75% at the end of the fifth year.
Goal 3
Create/preserve a buffer around the created wetland area, which will protect the
plant community and wildlife habitat.
Obiective
Mason County Public Works October 8, 2008
Bear Creek Dewatto Road Improvement
Restore the previous roadbed on either side of the wetland creation area to a
condition suitable for growing native shrubs and trees. Preserve the second growth
timber around the created wetland.
Performance Standard
In the buffer enhancement area, woody shrubs and trees will have at least 90%
survival at the end of the first growing season. Canopy coverage on this area will be
25% by the end of the third growing season following planting. Woody shrubs and
trees will cover 50% of the area by the end of the fifth year following planting.
Performance Standard
Obtain a conservation easement from Pope Resources for the entire wetland
mitigation site including the buffer area with standing timber. The easement to be
recorded prior to construction of the road improvement project.
Performance Standard
Invasive species, such as Himalayan blackberry and Scot's broom shall cover no
more than 15% of the planted areas.
VII Site Design
The top of the road is approximately six feet higher than the toe. The road toe is at
an elevation that matches the floor of the wetland on either side. Road fill for a
distance of 350 feet will be removed to match the wetland floor elevation. This will
create a uniform grade from one side of the road to the other and allow the wetland
segments on either side to be connected. An upland area adjacent to both the
downstream wetland and the road will also be excavated to add to the created
wetland.
Impacts to the wetlands will be mitigated in accordance with the Mason County
Critical Areas Ordinance. When wetland creation or reestablishment is used for
mitigation, it is required at a ratio of 2:1 for impacts to Category III wetlands. The
general goal of the mitigation is to create a wetland area that compensates for the
loss of wetlands caused by the road project. The site selected for mitigation is
currently part of the existing Bear Creek Dewatto Road. The road divides a wetland
into two parts connected by a culvert. The mitigation project will remove the road
segment and allow the wetland to become a single vegetation unit again. The
planting prescription for the project will largely duplicate the plant community
occurring in the natural wetland. The mitigation site has the added advantage of
adding to one of the wetland areas impacted by the road project (immediately
downstream). There are three components to the mitigation plan. They include
wetland creation/reestablishment, buffer enhancement and buffer preservation.
The mitigation site will be created b excavating the current road bed n an upland
g y g and
area next to the existing wetland. The road is acting as a dike between the two
portions of the previously intact wetland. With the road prism removed, the water
flowing through a culvert will spread out and supply the necessary hydrology to
create a wetland plant community. In addition, part of the upland adjacent to the
existing wetland will be graded to create additional wetland area. The former road
Mason County Public Works October 8, 2008
Bear Creek Dewatto Road Improvement
area beyond the new wetland will be graded and planted with upland species to
create a buffer. Buffer planting will also take place on a small portion of the fill for
the new road project. Finally, a significant part of the buffer surrounding the created
wetland is mature second growth timber and advance conifer reproduction. A
conservation easement will be negotiated with the landowner to preserve the
mitigation area in perpetuity.
The details of the site are shown on enclosed Appendix A. Grading will create 21,631
square feet of wetland. A minor amount of additional grading work will be needed
to blend the contours of the created wetland into the surrounding ground. This will
be accomplished by grading at a 2:1 slope from the edge of the wetland area to the
top of the surrounding upland. A logging road approach and portions of the county
road on either end of the wetland will be removed and filled with topsoil. Both the
created wetland area and all graded areas will be over-excavated by one foot and
filled with a uniform layer of topsoil. The buffer width for the created wetland will
vary from 40 to 85 feet. A small part of the buffer will be created on the old roadbed
location. The majority of the wetland buffer will be made up of mature second
growth conifer and reproduction, which surround the created wetland area. It will be
preserved through a conservation easement with the landowner, Pope Resources. A
summary of the wetland mitigation area is shown below:
Wetland Creation 21,631 square feet
Buffer Enhancement 13,677 square feet
Buffer Preservation 47,990 square feet
Existing Wetland 16,891 square feet
Plant selection for both the created wetland and buffer enhancement areas will
duplicate that, which already occurs in the area. The buffer requiring planting will be
constructed on old roadbeds and fill. The remainder of the buffer will consist of
existing mature second growth conifer and advanced conifer reproduction. Planted
buffer species and quantities are shown below:
Physocarpus capitatus 100 Gaultheria shallon 100
Holodiscus discolor 100 Ribes sanguineum 100
Pseudotsuga menziesii 200 Mahonia aquifolium 100
The Douglas fir will be three year old transplant stock and the shrubs will be in one
gallon containers.
Created wetland species include:
Salix lasiandra 900 ]uncus ensifolius 300
Spirea douglasii 200 Carex stipata 300
Carex obnupta 300 Carex comosa 300
The willow will be three foot long cuttings and the spirea will be in one gallon
containers. The emergent plants will be in 10 cubic inch plug containers.
VIII Maintenance and Contingency Plan
The created wetland and buffer slopes shall be maintained when necessary to
increase the survival of the plants, particularly with respect to providing water during
Mason County Public Works October 8, 2008
Bear Creek Dewatto Road Improvement
the summer months. Watering will be on an as-needed basis during the hottest
months of the summer at an interval of once per week. Invasive plants will be
controlled through a combination of mechanical removal and herbicide application. It
is anticipated that an aggressive invasive plant control effort will be needed for at
least the first three growing seasons following establishment of the mitigation site.
If plant survival falls below the levels specified in the performance standards, the
affected areas will be replanted with the appropriate species.
Although the success of the mitigation plan is not ensured, it is likely to succeed
because the site selected has a reliable source of hydrology. In addition, the native
species selected for planting are growing well in the surrounding area. If there is not
enough hydrology retained in the created wetland area, a weir can be installed at the
lower end of the site to help retain water.
IX Monitoring Plan
Monitoring will take place over a five to ten year period. The length of the
monitoring period will be determined by how quickly the performance standards are
achieved.
Soil saturation monitoring will take place at the beginning and end of March in each
of the first three years following site establishment. If the performance standard for
hydrology is met in each of those years, no further measurements will be taken.
Plants will be monitored in years one, three and five following planting. A minimum
of three longitudinal transects will be used to sample emergent plant coverage in the
wetland creation area. They will be randomly placed and will sample a representative
area of the site. Woody plant survival and canopy coverage in the wetland creation
area will be sampled by installing a minimum of five five-foot wide transects
perpendicular to the edge of the created area. Living plants will be counted and
recorded. A minimum of four five by ten-foot plots will be used to sample survival
following planting in the buffer enhancement areas.
A minimum of three photo points will be established to visually record the
development of the mitigation site. Pictures will be taken at each monitoring interval
and included in the monitoring report. The monitoring report will be submitted to
the respective agencies no later than October 31 of the year a report is due.
Mason County Public Works October 8, 2008
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CROSS-SECTION B - B
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CONSMUCTION NOTE
ALL GRADED ALAS TO BE OVER—EXCAVATED
ONE(1)FOOT TO ALLOW FOR PLACEMENT OF TOPSOIL.
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Appendix B
National Wetlands Inventory Map
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BEAR CREEK DEWATTO ROAD REALIGNMENT
WETLAND A, IMPACTS = 348 FT
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BEAR CREEK DEWATTO ROAD REALIGNMENT
WETLAND C, IMPACTS = 512 FT2
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