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HomeMy WebLinkAboutEvaluation - PLN General - 7/9/1990 Oak EVALUATION OF THE GEOLOGIC, OPERATIONAL, AND MARKET CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ANDERMAN ENTERPRISES SAND AN GRAVEL MINE IN THE NE 1/4 OF THE NE 114 , SECTION 17 , TOWNSHIP 23 NORTH, RANGE 1 WEST, MASON COUNTY, WASHINGTON Prepared for the Washington State Attorney General Olympia, Washington July 9 , 1990 ITEM J� %v _11cLUC4S.-i.\D ASSOMTES, INC. �P.O. BOX 5352 a L.•I CE): If A. 98503 Ir (206) 456.8248 SUMMARY OF REASONS WHY THE ANDERMAN SITE HAS NOT BEEN OPERATED SUCCESSFULLY AS A GRAVEL MINE 1) Geo Recon International estimated that site reserves are µ . 5 million cubic yards of which 1. 3 million yards represent uneconomic materials that will have to be put to waste. _'here is insufficien� roof on the situ for storage of these waste materials which occur in excessive proportions for a gravel mine in its geologic environment. Site examination by Glennda McLucas led to the conclusion that the estimate of economically mineable materials is at least two times higher than it would have been if subsurface information with which to characterize glacial units in terms of their aggregate- production potential had been available to Geo Recon geologists . Preparation of an accurate reserve calculation for the subject site would be extremely difficult without the benefit of subsurface drill hole stratigraphic logs and a detailed topographic base map. 2 ) Site materials are inferiortwhen compared to materials that are being extracted from other mining sites in the Belfair-to-Bremerton market area. The And e'rman site za,terials� are excessively dirty and produce 50-to-60 percent reject material . This is the only site in the area where basal glacial till is the primary mining unit. While contained rock appears sound, the existing washing plant appears incapable of removing silt and clay to the extent that the drain rock product will meet government specifications. Service Fuels reportedly had problems producing specification crushed rock for local paving project without blending off-site spec materials into the finished product. 3) %Topography ''is xcessively steep for a site of such JW-Eed acreage, and drainage patterns in the immediate vicinity are conducive to sediment-laden *mace run-off. If materials on the site's hillside were composed of clean recessional or advance outwash, side-hill excavation would be more desirable because of the opportunity to let gravity blend material from the entire vertical sequence. However, site materials predominantly represent glacial till with so many contained fines that storm water runoff picks the fines up in suspension and carries them downhill and off-site onto neighboring properties. The clay-cemented nature of the glacial till unit will not allow surface run-off to percolate back into the ground. Continuous sloughing of the clayey till provides an on-going source of colloidal materials for incorporation into storm water that are nearly impossible to settle out of suspension. Even shut-down of the 411INWMcn :sight 61ve the - run-off problem, and in fact the capacity to resolve the problem is very limited. Further, the low sales volumes of approximately 1, 000 ' tons/month ($6, 200 . ) do not generate sufficient income to justify the costs to Anderman Enterprises, for control of 1 Achronic and inevitable turbid storm-water discharges. Y ; Site acreatj4i is so small and topography so steep that proper mine -" pJit is extremely difficult given the fi_-:ished mine slope and property line setback requirements. Insuffici'At to develop effective storm-water retention -ponWINUM r the set up of a full-scale aggregate p_-jcessin plant. Mine access is excessively steep. Stockpile area is also limited. 5) While the upper portion of the site previously operated by Service Fuels was a DOT-approved source for crushed rock, and materials were used from the site for a State road construction project in the vicinity, the lower portion of the site currently operated by Anderman Enterprises has never been evaluated by the DOT for aggregate quality. As such, the site is not currently an approved source for government construction projects. This limits the site solely to production of aggregates for the local, private construction market for common fill and some septic drain field repair that does not require County approval. 6) If the mine were under today's en ental regulation environment, it would probably not ��oved- for all the reasons cited above, but principally b causes of inevitabloA t1le ssively steep terms 7) Insufficient quantities of materials have been removed from the site to justify the expense associated with its operation. The mine has not operated profitably since Anderman Enterprises assumed ownership in 1986 . At the time the mine was shut down in December, 1989 , the company did not have any year-round customers or any contracts for services for its operation. From the foregoing, it is apparent that the highest and best use for the property is as something other than a gravel mine (e. g. , residential development or commercial timber production) . 2 REGIONAL GEOLOGY Proven mineral deposits in the Kitsap Peninsula area have been insignificant and of little economic value with one exception. The vast glacial deposits of sand and gravel found throughout the area are of considerable importance, and aggregate washing and grading plants are found at several locations. Andesite and basalt bedrock used for various purposes is quarried adjacent to the Bremerton-Gorst highway and at several places in the hills west of Bremerton. As illustrated by Figure 3 , Geographic Provinces of the Kitsap Peninsula, the western upland is separated from the southern upland by the former glacial-outwash channel which is now occupied by Union River and Gorst Creek. The Anderman site occupies the western margin of this outwash channel . Vashon outwash is material which was deposited beyond the ice front by glacial meltwater streams . Near the ice front, poorly sorted, roughly stratified gravel and coarse sand was deposited while at greater distances from the glacier front finer-grained, more evenly stratified sands, silts, and clays were deposited. Material deposited ahead of the advancing glacier and subsequently over-ridden by the ice is termed "advance outwash" (Qva on attached geologic maps) , while material deposited during the recession of the glacier and consequently laid down across the till surface exposed by the retreating ice is term "recessional outwash" (Qva on geologic maps) . These two outwash units are usually separated by the intervening stratum of glacial till (Qvt on geologic maps) , normally a mixture of gravel and cobbles in a matrix of clay and silt, laid down as a basal deposit beneath the moving ice sheet. Advance Outwash: Advance outwash consists chiefly of gravels and coarse sands that lie beneath the Vashon till cap and above the finer sands mapped as Colvos Sand. Many deposits of advance outwash gravels obscure underlying materials by forming a thin veneer along valley sides. This may be the case at the Anderman site where the steep valley walls have been mapped as Qva, advance outwash (see Figures 4-8 , Geologic Map) . In these areas, it is often necessary to study drillers' logs to interpret the probable geologic sequence. Glacial Till: Till is a primary deposit associated with each glacial advance. Till is normally a gray to bluish- gray compact and unsorted mixture of cobbles and pebbles in a binder of silt and clay. This material was smeared along the ground by the tremendous pressure produced by the weight of the ice. This basal deposit of the ice characteristically forms a capping on the topography over 3 which the ice sheet advanced. The normally compact nature Pk of the glacial till has given to it the local name of "hardpan" . Observed exposure of Vashon till vary in thickness from less than a foot to more than 50 feet. The weight and pressure of the moving ice on underlying sediments have caused their deformation in some places. In places marine shells in till have been observed; such fragments were derived from older underlying sediments of pre-Vashon age that were picked up by the glacier and redeposited in the till unit at other locations. Walt Goit reports the presence of fossils in the till unit on his site. Vashon till is normally unweathered and fresh in appearance in most exposures, with no chemical or mechanical decomposition of individual components, although in places springs and ground-water seepage have given the till a rusty oxidation coating, as at the Anderman site. Vashon till is overlain in some broad upland areas by a few feet of ablation till - the part of the glacier's rock load deposited as the ice melted. It is less compact than the basal till and many of the finer particles of silt and clay have been washed away by meltwater. Large upland areas, such as the uplands involving the Anderman site, are overlain by ablation till deposits of loose, unsorted, coarse gravel and occasional erratic boulders. The enclosed photograph of the cutbank at the top of the Anderman site where Service Fuels mined, illustrates the presence of ablation till. Recessional Outwash: Vashon recessional outwash occurs in the Kitsap Peninsula as a mantle of sand and gravel lying on the till . In many places these deposits are not sufficiently thick or extensive to map and have been included with the Vashon till . The coarse, poorly bedded recessional outwash gravels are in many places indistinguishable from the ablation till, and are mapped with the till on many upland areas. The Gorst Creek outwash (Qvrs on the geologic map) includes a deposit of fine-grained, well bedded sand that accumulated in the Union River-Gorst Creek valley during the waning stages of the Vashon glaciation. The sand was evidently deposited under quiet water conditions and covered many large blocks of Vashon . ice. Subsequent melting of the glacier fragments resulted in development of kame and kettle topography, and local slump-deformation of the strata, a condition that was observed on the Anderman site working face as illustrated by the enclosed photographs. Figure 7 represents an aggregate classification map for the Belfair vicinity, prepared as part of a sand and gravel source inventory report prepared by McLucas and Associates, Inc. in 1990 . This map indicates that the Anderman site represents a Class C site in that economically mineable 4 materials are from 10-to-50 feet thick and may be lenticular in form with resultant rapid horizontal and vertical variability in consistency. The ratio of sand to gravel varies in Class C deposits, but usually includes lenses of undesirable silt and very fine sand. The aggregate within Class C deposits is generally sound. These sources contain a minimum volume of 50, 000 cubic yards of fair-to-good quality sand and gravel, with 16, 000-to-81, 000 cubic yards per acre unit value. These deposit types are suited only as sources of good quality roadway fill or structural fill , depending upon potential inclusion of silt lenses. They are not considered viable sources of Portland cement concrete aggregate. All of the mines in the Belfair area have been developed in the upper recessional outwash/ablation unit which averages 20 feet in depth. No other aggregate production operation besides Anderman Enterprises has mined into the basal compact glacial till, but has ceased mining operations at its surface . For example, the exhausted Ace Paving site on Bear Creek road ceased mining at the surface of the basal till , and Associated Sand and Gravel stops mining at about 20 feet depth at the surface of the basal till . In the Bremerton-Silverdale-Port Orchard area, the sand and gravel mines have stripped the glacial till unit and stockpiled it on site to use as mine fill during reclamation - none of these operations have attempted to process the till for its gravel content because of the additional costs (approximately $1 . 00/cubic yard) associated with washing out the excessive silt and clay content, and because of the additional sediment retention pond requirements. All of these operations mine the underlying advance outwash unit which is clean and well graded and capable of producing specification construction aggregate of all classes. 5 ANDERMAN SITE GEOLOGY Geologic examination of the site by Glennda McLucas, conducted on June 26th, 1991 revealed the following. Observations conformed with published literature and the site geologic description provided in February 1980 by Geo Recon International . The portions of the site that occur at highest elevations, where Service Fuels operated their gravel crushing site, is overlain by an indistinguishable combination of ablation till and a thin layer of poorly sorted or stratified recessional outwash sand and gravel, as illustrated by the enclosed photograph. These uncompact materials are excessively fine with a minus quarter inch fraction of 50-to-60 percent. This surficial unit is underlain by a compact basal glacial till unit composed of cobble-pebble gravel in a matrix of clay and silt. This is the unit currently being mined by Anderman Enterprises . As illustrated by the enclosed photographs, this material is excessively dirty, containing at least 50 percent minus quarter inch material. The till unit contains discontinuous lenses and pods of a brick red clay/silt cemented pebble conglomerate that represents a pre-Vashon sedimentary unit (e.g. , the Kitsap Formation or the Blakely Formation) , both of which are considered unusable for production of construction aggregate due to the contained iron-stained, oxidized, deeply weathered gravel and sand particles. These clasts were obviously scoured out of their original setting by the glacier, then deposited on the Anderman site within the till unit. Walt Goit mines an approximate 30-to-50 foot sequence of the till, blending all materials prior to screening and washing operations. The rock contained within the till appears sound and unweathered, in the main, but isavI y c e with c ay While a gra i-ng analysis was not avai a e, 1 appears that the till unit contains as much as 20 percent plus 1 1/2" material. Contained sand is of good quality and appears to have a good particle size distribution, except that coarse sand appears largely absent. Advance outwash may have been exposed in a settling pond excavated in the south-central portion of the active site along the main working bench, as illustrated by an enclosed photograph. While these gravels are below the surface of the settling pond, and therefore unavailable for examination, they are probably high quality materials. Examination of advance outwash units in the region indicate that these materials are fine-grained with less than 20 percent in the 1-to-2" crushing range. These materials would be expected to be clean, well sorted, and stratified, and well suited to the production of Portland cement concrete aggregate. Substantial quantities of overlying till material would have to be removed from the surface of this unit before significant quantities could be extracted. 6 Mine-development constraints such as the small area that can be mined and reclamation side slope requirements, may make exposure of significant quantities of this unit very difficult. Geo Recon's estimate limited excavation depth to an elevation of 220 feet. Materials that occur below 220 feet elevation are probably composed of recessional Gorst outwash sand (Qvrs) , material unsuited to development as construction aggregate because of extreme fineness and organic content. Geo Recon's reserve estimate is for 4 . 5 million cubic yards of which 1. 3 million cubic yards would be put to waste (30 percent) . The resistivity survey admittedly did not have the benefit of subsurface information such as a water well stratigraphic log, or surface exposures, with which to verify the aggregate quality of glacial units included in the reserve estimate. On the basis of the June 26th field examination, I believe reserves of economically mineable materials is more in the range of 2 . 0 million cubic yards, or less. Subsurface drilling information is necessary, in addition to a detailed site topographic base map, in order to make an accurate reserve calculation, however. c 014 / il, J I J \ • (( I I �!it / . / , 2� ' 11 '•� '. 1 i� ; /i/ ! /ri/'�l� . � � / � ` I' 3Q �' Ns C� LI 71 �f !� �r ;%��;Ir� /� ANDERMAN MINE •= =i- � 11 \ _ .,fro ✓i Q oI \ • • L TOWNSHIP 23 NORTH , RANGE 1 WEST, W. M . MASON COUNT k� Y WASHINGTON J� ) ��� : FIGURE 1 SITE AND REGIONAL TOPOGRAPHY ' ►'_ -'r�'I `�rt"E✓j�1� \ V TZ f,'I 445 •, ,I, +09.' -- �o- 1. — 4n1 � TwA P R Lir TRS. — —i -j- au POPc RraouRcv H �I 6 � 4 I w T/ R K f h I �. WASH 5T AC S W 1 ►� r--71 J QW car MM xcal Z I IW rLm - in N V� an 11V = DANIELS �I1 ? DM J RLA/ 6 t 498' POPE E50URC,{s 6. a < L d w a O 4 h m ^ �- 12751 � C' J RO' O 5'fIPTE FOREST B ARD IL 1 f POPE 9ZE50U 173' THEO. LJ I . Zr9 < Z ANDERMAN MINE I t WARD `tO •Y �..�•..�ce .fit i IQ L RD LL/S AAr OF7- _-- l 1 Q1�9 S" �i� r' , ' TRACT 229; ,. t 1 .. —LEGEND— 53 46 STATE NV hvr S` w @ US 8INTERSTATE[� ... PAVED ROADS I a(,Fi )mil I.Avelmt OOL It AI �.. M/'/gVED ROADS GII7.7m RC NDS_ V'L,LG R A 6ATr RASCHK[ ROMTOD C CREEKS f" P ' ELEG PWR TRANS LIES 'STATE REST BOARD SArty CtT —` I 7 �nth H I Q NATI FOREST 60R1'S AA,tiAl000 I a OISY -405 I�� FOFWST RV LID Alp nffym F P� `.... COUNTY lDRrS - - _ KUHN Y MOORE RESERVE a REFUGE 0 4 3E971 V2 ? .1� PARK A RECA AREAS O ' - P �� \� P. WILDERNESS AREAS ---- W� I' GUARD STATION D 3 WM TAYLOR RAI NES RANGER STATION I 1 SGOVtC 1 LOT A ACREAGE 3•,nE SEC 1 KJN NU„oE PIS She/r`On� GArLHIVNt IVIN r Zr { Oat Alluvium: Recent stream, lake, swamp and beach deposits of gravel, sand, silt and peat, t Younger clay: well-stratified 4-6 inch beds of gray clay deposited in glacial Lake Russell r Ovyc during waning stages of Vashon glaciation. Found as high as 100 feet above present sea F�yc )a 1 r 1 level. Above water table in most places and impermeable. Recessional outwash: materials deposited by melt-water streams from receding Vashon glacier. Qvrs: recessional sands, as mapped may include some Colvos sand. Qvr: recessional grovels. cm-":' Recessional outwash normally lies above water table but where saturated provides small to moderate quantities of ground water for domestic use. Till: compact, frequently concrete-like mixture of cobbles and coarse gravel in binder of 21/IW-23M oclay and silt, from a few feet to 100 Feet in thickness. Normally impermeable and serves _ as aquiclude and as substratum for perched water bodies. As mapped covers many upland 0 areas not otherwise designated; on western parts of western and southern uplands includes I superglocial till cobbles and grovels. �Ft t3 F Advance outwash: discontinuously stratified, frequently cross-bedded gravels and coarse 1 sands with lenses of silt and clay. Usually above water table but where saturated yields I c I moderately large quantities of ground water, e t t0I " o I Colvos sand: well-stratified to massive beds of brown to gray sand with occasional lenses t 9 Y O Qc of clay and gravel and basal blue clay. Up to 300 feet thick and is primary aquifer 21�IW-34L ` s throughout report area where it lies below water table. As mapped may include � I recessional sand deposits. Unnamed gravel: Thick sequence of poorly bedded fine to cobbly gravels found in bluffs along Hood Canal. Primarily rust-stained, with some beds decomposed and some beds I cemented and conglomeratic. Includes lenses and interbeds of yellowish-brown peat- 0 bearing silt. Grovels predominantly of Olympic Mountains derivation, with isolated reworked granitic pebbles. Sediments believed to be related in age to nonglacial Kitsap o '/ �op`or Formation. Domestic supplies of ground water obtained from shallow drilled wells near ; o Ok sea level. Kitsop Formation: horizontally bedded silt and clay with occasional lenses of sand and 20/lw-llc IIl gravel. Gray with brown weathered surface, contains several distinctive peat-bearing horizons. As mapped may include basal clays of Colvos sand and clays of Pre-Salmon Springs(?) deposits, undifferentiated. Normally impermeable and serves as aquiclude. I� t t I Solmon Springs(?) Drift: primarily rust-stained, well cemented to open work gravels s and coarse ands with occasional till. Top usually below sea level, but occasionally as high as 150 feet above sea level. Usuoliy below water table and yields moderate i quantities of ground water. �s I Pre-Salmon Springs(?) deposits, undifferentiated: chiefly massive to roughly bedded blue clay, 400 feet and more in thickness. Frequently highly contorted. Contains lenses of s �Pa'''` sand and grovel, and some till. Deeper and and grovel lenses occasionally yield moder- ate to large quantities of ground water under flowing artesian conditions, but successful wells are few. Filuce Bay Blakeley Formation: marine sandstone, shale and conglomerate, 4,000 to 8,000 feet thick. 20/I W-24F sfi Yields little or no ground water. 177-7-1-1 Volcanic rocks: sequence of basalt flows, tuffs and agglomerate 3,000 to over 5,000 feet Tv', thick. Includes local intrusive sills, dikes and bodies of diobase, andesite porphyry and dacite. Yields little ground water except in local cracks and joints. / I t u 1 O GEOLOGIC MAP AND20/Iw-27K jl rn � DIAGRAMMATIC SECTIONS Taylor Bay "3 OF THE ;I KITSAP PENINSULA AND CERTAIN ADJACENT ISLANDS Drayton passage 1 1 1 � i 0 0 0 OF. By Dee Molenoar a 0i a o J STATE OF WASHINGTON � w DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES 1962 FIGURE 6 13 P ' Q .� �� � Jr;tea, �� ,• � �� �,.. � l . � � ,, •Ir �1 / � �1, . .:.nrlfl� �� a�� � . FIELD NOTES TAKEN DURING TOUR OF ACTIVE BREMERTON-SILVERDALE-PORT ORCHARD SAND AND GRAVEL MINES CONDUCTED ON JUNE 28TH BY DEAN MOERGELI OF PORT ORCHARD SAND AND GRAVEL COMPANY 1) Port Orchard Sand and Gravel Company Port Orchard Sand and Gravel Co. (owned by Frank Miles) mines sand and gravel at the old "Brem Rock" pit, and supplies Kitsap Ready-mix with aggregate to operate the on- site concrete ready-mix plant. Miles does not own the land at the former "Brem-Rock" site, and pays the land owner (a Mr. Skirving) a $0 . 35/ton royalty. Miles purchased the Brem- Rock mining company out of bankruptcy court from the Goit family. The permitted portion of the site encompasses 90 acres and has a remaining life of 5 years. A 12-acre adjacent site that Port orchard is purchasing/leasing has a 2-year life. Another 5 acres to the northeast, close to the main road, may be acquired to extend site reserves. The deposit has an average 20-foot depth. Port Orchard Sand and Gravel produces drain rock, pea gravel , sand, 7/811 , and masonry sand. The company does not produce concrete ready- mix or asphalt, but supplies aggregate to those companies that do. Miles pays royalties in the market area that range from $0 . 35-to-0. 56/ton (averaging $0 . 40/cubic yard) . Miles , Port Orchard Airport gravel mine is 125 acres in size , of which 30 are permitted. The site has abundant reserves. The deposit is very consistent throughout its vertical extent. Vashon advance outwash gravel extends from the surface to between 30-and-40 feet depth, then materials grade into a fine sand unit (Colvos sand) that is capped by ground water. The outwash is a cross-bedded, cut-and-fill type deposit resulting from a turbulent depositional environment. Sand is clean, fine, and composed of approximately 80 percent quartz and quartzite. An 810 " deep well occurs at the site. Residences have been constructed on hillside to east of mine from which occupants can view mining operations . Material is crushed and washed at this site, but ,no cement or asphalt concrete are batched. While the Dickey pit at Silverdale is immense and has been the main source of construction aggregate on the Kitsap Peninsula for many years, it is an excessively sandy pit with less than desirable percentages of crushing rock. Additionally, the property contains great thicknesses of glacial till that has to be stripped in order to mine the advance outwash beneath it . The glacial till has not been processed, but has been stockpiled so that it can be used as mine backfill , an on-going process . The Dickey pit, which has an approximate 3-to-5 year life, is close to exhaustion. Frank Miles, who has owned his side of the deposit since 1978 , produces 0 . 5 million tons/year. Terry Bennett is plant 25 manager for the Dickey pit. Port Orchard's aggregate sales area is from Silverdale south. In 1990, Port Orchard Sand and Gravel produced a total of 900 , 000 tons of construction aggregate from all of its Kitsap County gravel mines. In 1989 , 7501000 tons of aggregate were produced from these combined mining operations. The company supplies Fred Hill in Poulsbo and Silverdale from the Dickey Pit; Kitsap Ready-mix from the old "Brem Rock" Pit; and supplies Bo Mac and the Fred Hill Batch plant in Gorst from the Port Orchard Airport pit. Hours of operation for all pits are between 7 : 30 a.m. and 4 : 00 p.m. , Monday through Friday. 2) Kitsap Ready-Mix (Fred Hill Materials) Kitsap Ready-Mix is owned by Fred Hill Materials, Inc. headquartered in Poulsbo . The company has 5 cement concrete batching plants in Pou _sbo, Silverdale, Port Orchard, and Port Townsend. Fred Hil ' covers the entire market area with ready-mix concrete deli% eries, but stays north of Silverdale with sale of aggregate. Fred Hill has proposed development of a site at Tea Lake, about 20 miles from Gorst. Bill Sundahl, Batching Plant No. 4 manager, when asked about Walt Goit, asked "is he still alive?" He stated that he was unaware that Goit was operating a mine and aggregate- processing facility at Belfair. 3) Bo Mac Gravel Company_ Robert Lightfoot owns Bo Mac Gravel Company. Bo Mac is strictly a ready-mix concrete operation; no rock crushing or asphalt batching is performed by the company. The company does not mine its own gravel ; Port Orchard Sand and Gravel Company supplies Bo Mac with aggregates. Harold Lanning, the previous owner, no longer operates the company. Frank Miles bought North Kitsap Ready-Mix from Lanning and sold it to Bo Mac. Bo Mac has an exhausted 18-acre gravel site south of the Port Orchard Airport Sand and Gravel Mine where a ready-mix operation is active. Some stockpiled reject material is sold out of the site. Port Orchard Sand and Gravel supplies the aggregate for the ready-mix plant. 4) Morrison Sand and Gravel Company Morrison Sand and Gravel mines at their site near Port Orchard (at Detho-Burley exit off S.R. 16) , in Section 23 , T. 23 N. , R. 1 E. The local market is so strong for round rock that Morrison has no incentive to incur the additional costs of crushing rock, so none is produced at the site. No ready-mix concrete or asphalt is produced at the site. The mine is 70 acres in size and close to exhaustion. Bedding is flat-lying and includes 1-2 foot thick gravel lenses. 26 The 211- resource is a very sandy deposit. The gravel unit occurs as a long ridge of material with its flanks overlain by fine sand. The company essentially planed off a hill of gravel to depths varying from 50-to-90 feet. At the base of the mine they have encountered a fine dense sand (Colvos Sand?) . Ground water occurs above the sand, and perhaps clay below the sand. The geology of the site is very similar to the geology of the Port Orchard Airport site. This company is Port Orchard Sand and Gravel 's strongest competitor. The company performs general construction work as well. Ken Morrison, manager, pays 5% of the wholesale price of his sales to his family, rather than a royalty. He stated that the range of royalties paid in the market area is from $0. 25-0. 50/cubic yard. Ken Morrison's relationship with Walt Goit is such that he contends that the two have not spoken for 15 years and doesn't know anyone else in the industry who will deal with Goit. He stated that he was unaware that Goit is operating a gravel mine and aggrega::e-processing facility at Belfair. 5) Ace Paving Company Dick Cristofferson is the owner of Ace Paving. The company has operated in the Dickey pit at Silverdale for more than 10 years and produces 100, 000-150 , 000 tons/year from the mine. Glacial materials are greater than 100 feet thick at this site, and contain approximately 10% +1 1/211+ crushing material . The pit holds absolutely vertical walls due to the presence of high percentages of clay and silt; in spite of heavy fines content, gravel washes clean. Because no ground water well exists on the site, the company trucks in water for gravel washing purposes. Ace Paving has purchased property all the way out to Dickey Road south of the mine; this land represents Ace Paving's reserves at the site. Ace Paving had problems meeting State aggregate quality specifications at their Bear Creek pit due to low degradation values and excessive fines The Bear Creek site is in the same geologic environment as the Anderman mine . 6) Associated Sand and Gravel Company Associated Sand and Gravel Company operates a gravel mine in Section 15, T. 23 N. , R. 1 W. two miles north of Belfair on S .R. 3 . Approximately 15-20 acres of the site is disturbed. Port Orchard Sand and Gravel was involved with Associated Sand and Gravel at the Belfair site in the beginning of site operations (produced crushed rock) when permits were first obtained, but then the companies split up and Port Orchard moved out. AS&G pays a $0. 40/ton royalty to Russ Dillinger, land owner of the Belfair pit. AS&G produced 75, 000 tons in 1990, 50, 000 tons in 1989, and 45, 000 tons in 1988 . 27